aircraft, and ships. 1868. The new gun was intended for the civilian market and for the New York Metropolitan Police, who wanted a bit more power than what the little 31 caliber 1849 could offer. 1849 Pocket revolver to be upgraded to a .36 cal. The Colt Model 1862 Police percussion revolver was intended for security personnel and followed the design lines of other Colt products emerging during this time in history. Pocket Revolver, and the Model 1851 Navy Revolver. The stock is a one piece grip made of European walnut. Gun is brand new. This example has the 5 1/2 inch round barrel with an ejector. Request more information. Uberti top quality firearms replicas from 1959. expanded his factory on the eve of the Civil War, and began The pistol is black powder in 36 caliber. Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy. Cimarron Model 1862 Pocket Navy Conversion .380 ACP
elder Colt who was then serving as Commissioner at the U.S. Patent Quantity . The John Browning-designed M1911 semi-automatic pistol 98% plus of the original silver plating remains, and the silver has a pleasant aged patina. Bore is very good plus. learned that soldiers were vulnerable while reloading their Condition: Some blue and case hardening remains, mixed with grey/brown patina - Brass backstrap & triggerguard retain small traces of silver - Walnut grips with considerable . This aside, it is still a single action revolver that loads and functions the same way as any other cap and ball revolver. Price US$50.60. Manufacture in the second year of production (1862). The 1862 was Sam Colts very last design and it marked his attitude toward constant innovation that was carried on by his workers in the decades after the war. The lower left side of the frame, forward of the . It features a small brass cone front sight, "ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA" on top of the barrel, the ejector rod housing fitted on the right, "COLTS/PATENT" on the left side of the frame, and "36 CAL" on the left side of the trigger guard. Note: The above text is EXCLUSIVE to the site www.MilitaryFactory.com. This is not John Waynes revolver it is a modern work of art! The outbreak of war between the U.S. government and the Seminole Finish Originality:Remaining finish appears Original. had already experimented with revolvers, Colt's design was the The serial numbers are higher than 28,000. Description Uberti Loading Lever 4 1/2" (1862 Police) Check Stock. Dragoon revolvers, as well by as the Baby Dragoon, the Model 1849 relationship of the various spokes to the center hub. You may find the you have to tighten them in a particular sequence, or some will bind. Colt 1862 model 1851 ball and cap revolver in 31 caliber. New condition with original box and papers. Colt Model 1849 Pocket Revolver. By signing up you agree to Guns.com's Between 1862 and 1873, Colt records document production of 19,000 of the Pocket Navies and over 20,000 Pocket Police revolvers. Walnut grips. Based on the 1861 Navy design, the .36 caliber 1862 Colt Metropolitan Police Model is a stylish, well balanced and unique firearm. Classified Ad (1000+), Search Full Text of Listings
Markings:The top of the barrel is marked ADDRESS COL SAMLCOLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. Stay in the know. This is to clear the chambers and the nipples of any grease that might inhibit ignition. SCARCE Antique COLT 1862 POLICE Revolver Made 1861 W Silver Plated Iron I would recommend it to any one looking for a nice authentic looking pistol. The 1862 Pocket Navy retains the octagon barrel and hinged loading lever of the 1851 Navy, while the 1862 Police model is a miniature of the 1860 Army, with fluted cylinder, streamlined . also designed by Browning and manufactured under license, saw use Manufactured 1863. Much as the Colt 1851 Navy was a scaled-up version of the . For fuel, my favorite Graf & Sons FFFg black powder. COLT MODEL 1862 POLICE REVOLVER - Guns International foreign forces in two World Wars, as well as a variety of limited Code: Colt_152b. Colt Model 1862 Police Revolver Made In 1863 - College Hill Arsenal Sinclair managed to escape on board the river steamer Platona, landing at Vicksburg and on to Richmond where Buchanan, recently promoted to Admiral, suggested he be posted to the steamer CSS Alabama, which was being completed in Britain as the Enrica. (Photo: Terril Herbert). 10 caps functioned as primer and good, cheap Crisco functioned as lube. Though I think myself to be more accurate with a larger 1851 Navy revolver, the accuracy is acceptable despite being a bit awkward to load it takes a bit of time to get a perfect grip on this sleek rascal of a gun. Show Only Guns
Steel frame, color casehardened. Colt 2nd Gen 1862 Pocket Police PROTOTYPE toolroom marked 6.5" bbl followed a year later by a .36 caliber Navy version. Much as the Colt 1851 Navy was a scaled-up version of the 1849 Pocket, the 1862 Police . lighter .44 caliber revolver. use, as well as a revolving shotgun. Site by One Dog Media, Copyright & Disclaimer 1996- Lead balls were easy to pop on the chamber for seating. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Grip is also marked in channel. The post-Civil War period brought with it a The Pocket Police features a forged steel case hardened frame, pocket sized walnut grip, a rebated and half fluted cylinder, army style round barrel and ratchet loading lever, brass backstrap & triggerguard, and a brass post front sight. The grip has some scattered light nicks and scratches with thinning finish from handling. What is a COLT 1862 POCKET POLICE Pistol Worth? Like other Colt revolver offerings, it lacked a bridge over the ammunition cylinder, was chambered for .36 cap-and-ball ammunition and saw production numbers boosted by the . Colt Pocket Positive 32 Police 2 1/2" bbl,serial #111233,made in 1923, with the original box,hang tag and papers. If i have the barrel off and the cylinder isnt touching the hand it spins well but once It is put back together and the hand is engaged it . Colt Model 1862 Police Pocket .36 Cal Percussion Cap Ball Revolver Crisco saves the day and works as well as anything else. Arms also produced smoothbore revolving carbines and Overall good condition. were named for Elisha K. Root, a noted inventor and holder of the It is in great condition. Remington No. Please direct all other inquiries to militaryfactory AT gmail.com. The power of an 80 grain ball over 20 grains of powder might not be so impressive by todays standards, but the 1862 does shoot them quite well. Walker and his fellow Rangers had experience with Colt Model 1849 | 1862 Pocket Police | For Young ShootersColt Model 1862 Police Revolver - Works - NYHistory The guns claim to fame is that it takes the same ammunition as the 36 caliber Navy revolver, but weighs about half. '66 ENGRAVED Antique COLT 1862 POCKET POLICE Percussion Revolver 36 No chips or cracks. Colt decided to scale back his new Colt Model 1861 Navy Revolver and created the Colt 1862 Pocket Revolver for use by military and police. Available This Colt Official Police revolver in .38 Special. Place made Hartford, Connecticut, United States, North America. Overall Condition:This revolver retains about 15% of its metal finish. A second logo features acirclewith a prancing horse and the word "Colt," inside. If you have any complaints or questions about the Conditions of Sale, please contact your nearest customer services team. With fewer than 50,000 made between the two 1862 models, they are considerably more scarce than the 1849 Pocket models. His first product was The Colt Model 1862 Pocket Revolver was designed bySamuel Coltand produced by theColt PatentFire ArmsManufacturing Companyin Hartford, Connecticut. Revolvers - Old South Firearms, LLC It is a Colt Model 1862 Police & Pocket revolver bearing the serial #29052 (matching serial numbers) in .36 caliber percussion. Although he did not see the end of the Civil War, his products There is scattered light erosion and some pitting in the bore. Colt 1862 Police. products for use by troops in the Florida campaign. ), The Journal of George Townley Fullam, 1973; Warren Armstrong, Cruise of a Corsair, 1962; Edna and Frank Bradlow, Here Comes The Alabama, 1958; facsimile pages from the Illustrated London News of 25 June and 2 July 1864; and various off-prints relating to the subject.
He established a new factory in 5 out of 5 stars (420) $ 66.00. This includes the wedge, arbor,frame, backstrap,trigger guard and barrel. 2023 - WorthPoint Corporation | 5 Concourse Parkway NE, Suite 2900. The most important improvements made were the elimination of the expensive-to-make octagonal barrel and the introduction of new steel in the manufacturing process. This is an older thread, you may not receive a response, and could be reviving an old thread. A slightly smaller version of the Army in .36 caliber was adopted by the US Navy in 1861. Percussion Revolvers:A Guide To Their History, Performance, And Useby Mike Cumpston and Johnny Bates. The stock is a one piece grip made of European walnut. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. At this time Sinclair, who had held the post of Fifth Lieutenant, was granted leave of absence to recuperate, and just before the Confederate surrender was posted to the CSS Texas, which was being completed on the Clyde, but never saw actionAfter the end of the war, Sinclair returned to America, becoming a merchant in Baltimore. Uberti is making a fine replica of what truly as one of the more obscure handguns of the early Colt era. Arthur himself first saw service from the age of thirteen, spending four years under his father in the US Navy. Colt records indicate that this gun, based on the serial number . The Colt 1862 Navy, also known as "Pocket Navy" model, is a pocket revolver, based on the Colt 1851 Navy design. . The Model 1862 Police Revolver was made from 1861 through c. tribe provided Colt with his first break. and cavalry, as well as with Colonel Hiram Berdan's United States Since Colt no longer had a manufacturing facility, he contracted Description: This revolver has all matching original parts. After his return to the United States, he showed his model to his Item 13. Its introduction was an attempt to fill a niche in the market for a pocket revolver suited for civilians and police of a larger caliber (.36) than the 1849 Pocket Revolver (.31). History Of The Colt Revolverwww.thoughtco.com. Colt Police Holster - Etsy After the column of smoke and flame evaporates with each shot, I was not surprised at all that I didnt hit where I was aiming. 1862 Colt Police Holster SDCaugheyLeather. If you are interested in consigning in future sales, please contact the specialist department. Here are some numbers I collected while shooting over my chronograph at ten feet: Bullet Velocity* Energy in foot pounds*, 80 grain round ball 858 fps 131, 130 grain conical bullet 747 fps 161. Chip on 1 grip, Colt Early Police Positive Grips with Screw. The trick is to carefully break off those sharp edges with a stone. Upon his return to the United States in 1836, he also which to proceed on his new career path. A nice example of an 1862 model Colt "Police" percussion, 5 shot, revolver, serial #21625. Helt nummerriktig, inklusive pipkil. Product #: PDF0071C Part Key: 0. 94 W. Cochran St., Suite B WorthPoint is the largest resource online for identifying, researching and valuing antiques. The discovery of gold in California stimulated the demand for Its introduction was an attempt to fill a niche in the market for a pocket revolver suited for civilians and police of a larger caliber (.36) than the 1849 Pocket Revolver (.31). (Photo: Terril Herbert). It is the product of many hours of research and work made possible with the help of contributors, veterans, insiders, and topic specialists. numbering with the 1862 Pocket Navy, specimens will be found with Although others Overall, the grip is in Very Good condition. For all Sales categories, buyer's premium excluding Cars, Motorbikes, Wine, Whisky and Coin & Medal sales, will be as follows: Buyer's Premium Rates27.5% on the first 20,000 of the hammer price; 26% of the hammer price of amounts in excess of 20,000 up to and including 700,000; 20% of the hammer price of amounts in excess of 700,000 up to and including 4,500,000; and 14.5% of the hammer price of any amounts in excess of 4,500,000. For the next four years, .372 chamber diameter. There are no cracks. If you have queries about lots purchased in this sale, please contact customer services. 1862 police/colt style revolvershow slick? "COLT'S / PATENT" on left side of the frame. Gun Review: Uberti's Colt 1862 Pocket Police percussion revolver in .36 (Photo: Terril Herbert). Samuel Colt passed away in 1862, but that did not stop the Colt Patents Arms Manufacturing Company from producing 28,000 examples of the Colt 1862 Pocket Revolver. Overall, the revolver mostly has minor handling and storage marks. THE REVOLVER IS IN VERY GOOD CONDITION, SHOWING VERY LITTLE USE. from galvanic batteries to detonate underwater explosive mines. He expanded his operations to England, Pristine Bore. The Book Of Colt Firearmsby Robert Q. Sutherland and Robert Lawrence Wilson. There are some other scattered spots of remaining finish. received funding to continue his work for possible use in harbor gunslingers, and peace officers. The sights consist of a crude notch in the hammer face and a front bead that isnt so easy to see. That gun was followed up years later by the better known 1849 Colt and Baby Dragoon. 10126 For 1862. For payment information please refer to the sale catalogue. On the 19th of June Semmes sailed out of port, and locked with his opponent in a series of circular turns in an attempt to deliver a full broadside. As for recoil, it was a gentle pushonly slightly more than a 22 rimfire pistolbut with considerably more boom. Accessories include nipple 5.5mm X .9 (our product number NP2040 Steel). Colt Black Powder Revolvers 1862 Pocket Police (F Frame) Parts List. Colt firearms have continued to play a significant role in 1951.323a-c. Colt Patent Fire Arms . 1862 Colt Police Revolver - YouTube Title: Colt Model 1862 Police Revolver, serial no. Overall, the 1862 Colt Pocket Police revolvers, despite not being made in huge numbers, certainly deserves a bit more notoriety. COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA, each revolver engraved (patterns vary slightly between each) with scrolls on barrels, frames, hammers, back straps and trigger guards, hammers feature Wolf's Head motif, frame and barrels with flowers, silver finished . At this point in his life, Colt had an idea but no money with Semmes chose to fight, issuing a challenge to the Captain of the Kearsage via diplomatic channels. Afterwards, place percussion caps on each nipple. Serial number- 107437. The left flat of the trigger guard is marked 36 CAL. What is the Value of your The Colt Model 1862 Pocket Revolver? (Photo: Terril Herbert). 1862 Colt Pocket Pistol with a beautiful chrome finish. (Photo: Terril Herbert). var theDate=new Date() We do not sell any of the items showcased on this site. SCARCE Antique COLT 1862 POLICE Revolver Made 1861 for sale purchase. The top of the barrel is marked with the one line New York address, and the left side of . Polish the action and notice that the hand may hang up without the cylinder in place. and the government ordered 1,000 of them for issue to mounted First Lieutenant Arthur Sinclair, IV (1837-1925) was born in Norfolk, Virginia, the descendant of a naval family. This is a .36 caliber, 5 shot revolver and was sometimes called a "Model of 1853" because its barrel and loading lever is similar to the older Colt 1851 Navy. With all the cylinders charged, it is wise to put a bit of grease over the bullet to keep the black powder gunk in the action and the action soft and pliable to keep the gun working longer. His lectures and demonstration of nitrous oxide to crowds in the In this video we examine Colt's 1862 Police revolvers. How about accuracy? Get the latest information about new products, special deals, news, top-rated items, promotions and more! his work and to seek a patent for his design. Ribbons are clickable to their respective campaigns / operations. This sale is now finished. The 1862 Police has a similar barrel profile to the full-size Model 1860, fluted cylinders and a frame about the same size as the 1849 Pocket. The cylinder is fluted in a quite modern fashion and features safety pins in between each of the five cylinders. You may leave the hammer down on an empty chamber or lift the hammer back slightly and rotate the cylinder to one of the safety pins between chambers. I haven't shot it yet, but the looks and fill of it could not be any better. Unfortunately for the young inventor and businessman, the Patent Relative to the .31 Pocket Revolvers, the period of manufacture was short and overall numbers were further limited by a fire at the Colt Factory in 1862 and War production concerns. A conversion cylinder is not available for this model. He published a book about his experiences, entitled Two Years on the Alabama, in 1895, and died in Baltimore in 1925. 1 in 32 twist. Nice tight action. Shooting the Colt 1862 Police Revolver 36 Caliber - YouTube Matching serial numbers. Quite a few were dragged off to war, owing to its small size and the use of standard supplied ammunition. This truly outstanding Richards-Mason metallic cartridge "conversion" of a Colt Model 1862 Police revolver is pictured on page 161 of "The William M. Locke Collection" by Frank Sellers and is certainly among the finest Colt "conversion" revolvers extant. The 1862 Police Pocket was the last of Colt's percussion revolvers. In failing health, Colt Once that was done, I proceeded to load, which was a bit of a challenge. The gun, then as now, is offered in a few different barrel lengths. Make sure you use good fitting screw drivers the first time you take this apart. Good rifling. Bore Condition:The bore is gray with well defined rifling. soon followed with a revolving pistol. Colt - 1862 Police Conversion | Rock Island Auction Colt 1862 Navy. The Colt Model 1862 Police Percussion Revolver is designed for security personnel and follows the design lines of other Colt products that have appeared in the history of this period. During its two years in action the Alabama caused almost $6,000,000 worth of damage and disruption, prompting the United States to sue the British government for damages, which it eventually wonIt has been suggested that this revolver was given to John Lancaster, owner of the Deerhound, by Sinclair after the battle in thanks for his rescue, but no reference to confirm this has been foundOffered with a 1989 reprint of Arthur Sinclair, Lieutenant, C.S.N., Two Years on the Alabama; Charles G. Summersell (Ed. It is a five-shot .36-caliber, measuring 113/4 inches long (with the usual 61/2-inch barrel) and weighing only 261/2 ounces, 11/2 ounces more than the shorter Model 1849. . That same year, an improved version of the Colt 1849 was introduced. Firearms In American Historyby Charles Winthrop Sawyer. Two of the most popular choices were the 1861 Navy Revolver and the Colt 1862 "Police Model" based on the . Shooting with Hobie The 1862 Pocket Navy retains the octagon barrel and hinged loading lever of the 1851 Navy, while the 1862 Police model is a miniature of the 1860 Army, with fluted cylinder, streamlined round barrel and creeping loading lever. Some 28,000 of the type were manufactured out of the Colt Patent Firearms Company in Hartford, Connecticut with production spanning 1861 to 1873. What isnt new are the terrible sights, a bead front sight and a notch cut in the hammer face. Outstanding Documented Colt Model 1862 Police Cartridge Conversion Revolver Formerly of the William M. Locke CollectionThis truly outstanding Richards-Mason metallic cartridge "conversion" of a Colt Model 1862 Police revolver is pictured on page 161 of "The William M. Locke Collection" by Frank Sellers and is certainly among the finest Colt "conversion" revolvers extant. Arms Company went bankrupt and ceased operation in 1842. The 4.5" Barrel length. Here's what it's like to shoot this classic scattergun. Like other Colt revolver products, it doesn't have a bridge on the cartridge, it was made for .36 cap and ball ammo and saw the American Civil War drive . Unfortunately, I had an awful time getting good groups because of the distraction of cap jams, in which spent caps were getting pulled off the nipple by the hammer and being dropped into the action, either stopping the gun from firing or binding the action. After the surrender of the fort he was ordered to Norfolk as aide to Flag Officer Franklin Buchanan, Captain of the ironclad CSS Virginia, recently commissioned from the remains of the scuttled USS Merrimack. this time, Colt operated the world's largest private armory, and he A colt 1862 pp in new condition was on ********* or gunsamerica for $950. shots without reloading, but his efforts were Very well put together. Dixie Gun Works By rebating the cylinder, the 1862 models were able to use this smaller frame while still firing a .36 caliber projectile, making for a potent pocket-sized revolver in its day. Seating the conical bullets required me to start them into the chamber mouth before the cylinder could be rotated under the loading lever. As it turns out, what would be called the Navy and Police revolvers were the last that Sam Colt lived to see entering the market as he died in January 1862. Recommended load is 15 grains of FFFg black powder, .376 round ball and .36 caliber revolver wad. On this pocket sized handgun, it was harder to get a paper cartridge or powder measure squarely onto the small chambers. With production running from 1861-1873, around 48,000 Police models were turned out. Kaliber .36. I admit that I avoided the 1860-62 series of handguns for a long time because I thought the previous generation of Colt handguns were better looking. 5 1/2" round barrel, creeping loading lever and five shot half fluted cylinder. 28,000 examples were produced from 1861 to 1873. Lot 1054: COLT 1862 POCKET POLICE 2ND GEN REVOLVER. Colt Blue barrel, wedge, cylinder, trigger and screws - case hardened frame, loading lever and hammer - silver plated brass back-strap and round . shotguns. A COLT 1862 POCKET POLICE pistol is currently worth an average price of $614.79 new . Just as silver spring steel allowed Colt to adapt a .44 cylinder to a .36 frame, it permitted the .31 cal. *We Never share your email without your permission. Quantity. A five star company. Description. All of the Colt 1862 Pocket Revolvers were case-hardened at the factory. If you feel a crunching of compressed powder, you will know you got it right. The revolver is one of the scarce, very early production guns with an iron grip frame, backstrap and triggerguard. Only around 6,500 '62 . Our Assessment:The Colt 1862 was produced in two variants, the 1862 Police and the 1862 Pocket Navy, between 1861 and 1873 with about 47,000 made between the two. Scarce factory "tool room" or prototype long-barrel second generation Colt Model 1862 pocket police .36 percussion revolver. Barrel Length: 5.5. troops, while other Colt revolvers were acquired through private Cycles well. UNATTACHED ACCESSORIES: black box end labeled to gun w/ foam insert & paperwork. Colt 1862 Pocket Police (152b) Quantity in Basket: None.
Considered by many as the pinnacle in streamlined design of percussion Colts, the 1862 Police, initially introduced in 1861, was in answer to the clamor for smaller self-defense revolvers. Many of these conversion cylinder for uberti 1858 pocket police colt Related search terms UBERTI CONVERSION CYLINDERS FOR A LEECH AND RIGDON REVOLVER CONVERSION KIT FOR A CIMARRON 1861 NAVY MILTARY CFS BLACK POWDER .36 Uberti The Ranch Hand Standard .45 Colt Revolver. 1862 Pocket Police. Slaglsrevolver modell Police, tillverkad av Colt r 1864. Colt Model 1862 Pocket Police percussion revolver with 36 cal. Walker believed that an improved version of z Sold ~ Colt 1862 Pocket Police 1 of 500 Limited Edition. Description: General Specs: Colt, 1942, .38 Colt New Police, 4" Barrel*** Serial Number: 403075*** Barrel Length: 4"*** Bores: Perfect*** % Blue: 99%*** Sights: Front blade, Rear T COLT POLICE POSITIVE SPECIAL 38 COLT NEW POLICE 4. Model 1860 Army revolver was the primary issue revolver for U.S. About 28,000 were produced but, because they shared serial he worked the traveling show circuit as "Dr. Coult of Calcutta." Please see our photos and good luck! As for the Police revolver itself, less than 20,000 were produced before production gave way to cartridge guns in 1873. During this period, Colt met Captain Sam Walker of the It is re-blued, well-worn, and has hard rubber grips. Colt studied both chemistry and mechanics. But there was one other classic pocket revolver I had yet to touch, the Colt 1862 Police. Classic Browning Light Twelve Auto-5 Review: Busting Clays With the Old Humpback Shotgun. Shooting the 1862 is accomplished by cocking the hammer for each shot, which exposes the crude rear sight notch in the hammer face that interfaces with the brass bead front sight. 1 - 10 of 10 Posts. These are in good shape for the age some edge wear . vergende slt grbrun patina. then rushing the temporarily defenseless soldiers and wiping them Five sot. Interesting Colt Official Police Revolver serial #36781, 38 special, 4" barrel with an excellent bore. CIVIL WAR Era Antique COLT Model 1862 .36 Cal. Percussion POLICE It is estimated that seventy percent of the Colt 1862 Pocket Revolvers were converted to accept metallic cartridges instead of using the cap-and-ball. Colt 1851 Navy VS Colt 1862 Navy? | The Muzzleloading Forum For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Buy Colt Uberti 1862 Police .36 revolver 5.5" bbl Navy Arms impt: GunBroker is the largest seller of Black Powder Pistols & Muzzleloader Pistols Black Powder & Muzzleloaders All: 956991716 . 1849 Pocket Model. superintendent and Chief Engineer. unsuccessful. Built stronger and with a full size caliber, these pocket-sized revolvers represented the advancement of earlier models like the 1849 Pocket. $1.50. sidehammer patent, who at that time was employed as Colt's factory I just got an 1862 pocket police from uberti yesterday. For sale is a EMF Colt 1862 Pocket Police revolver in .36 CAL. Excellent. The colt 1862 pocket police for sale on GunsAmerica. Buy a colt Walkers" were followed by the First, Second, and Third Model You wont cover up a target with these sights. The new guns were less expensive to produce, yet infinitely stronger, being made of silver steel. Copyright 2011-2023 All Rights Reserved. Gun has a nice smooth brown patina all over the metal surfaces with traces of blue in protected areas. Code: 13. Pristine and clean chambers and bore.
My best, one handed effort landed me with a 2.5 inch group at seven yards distance. Colt 1862 Pocket Police Parts & Schematic | Numrich Gun Parts Extra originalt Features a brass backstrap and triggerguard. Otherwise, the action functions correctly. Most surfaces have been cleaned or worn to white.
